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The company was developed in 1991 after the split of the French PTT, a government department in charge of mail, telegraph and telephone services in France The PTT, founded in 1879, was then divided between La Poste, which became in charge of postal service, and France Télé.com (nowadays Orange) for that telecommunication services France Télé.com was immediately privatised but La Poste has remained a public company However, in 1997 EU directive 97/67/EC required member states to “fully open the postal sector to competition”, with all the result that the French government allowed private postal service companies in 2005 and transformed La Poste into a public-owned company limited by shares during 2010
La Poste is a parent company of the Groupe La Poste, that also comprises a bank and insurance carrier (La Banque postale), a logistics service provider (Geopost) along with a mobile network operator (La Poste Mobile) Although its postal activities are declining because of the development of the web, they still represented half of the company’s income Other pursuits, like parcel delivery and banking, are on the rise Both represented respectively a quarter from the company’s income in 2017
Throughout the Middle Ages, postal delivery in France had not been organised through the state and was offered by private enterprise University envoys dominated the current market through the 13th century onwards In 1477, King Louis XI created coaching inns to provide their own letters These inns were for temporary use and usually resulted in battlefields In 1576, laposte mail was further improved with the development of work of royal envoy Royal envoys were permitted to provide services to private individuals They prefigured modern postal services and their existence led to the look of the initial post offices at the end of the 16th century
The initial set fees appeared in 1627 for letters sent to Bordeaux, Lyon, Toulouse and Dijon As with the rest of Europe, stamps did not happens to France at that time and mail was purchased from the recipient The first map of post roads was published in 1632 along with a book compiling lists of roads and inns including distances and fees to get paid was released in 1707 A whole new edition was released every 2 yrs until 1859 The land already had 623 coaching inns in 1632 and the figure reached 800 at the start of the 18th century A ferme générale was made for mail services in 1672, which resulted in postal services started to be subjected to taxation Tax officers progressively bought private postal companies and university envoys became subjects to the ferme générale in 1719 International treaties regarding postal services were signed with neighbouring countries under Louis XIV
Throughout the French Revolution, which were only available in 1789, French postal services progressively was a fully public service Directors of post offices lost their privileges in 1789 along with their position became subjected to universal suffrage The ferme générale was abolished a couple of years later and post offices began to be directly administered by the state As a response to commonplace opening of letters by the royal authorities, an oath of confidentiality became compulsory for post employees in 1790 The initial French mail coach appeared in 1793 and the first telegram on the planet was delivered in 1794 using the Chappe optical transmitter on the Paris-Lille line
Following the Revolution, French postal services continued their modernisation An 1801 decree reasserted their state monopoly on mail delivery, postal orders are intended in 1817 and postage stamps were introduced in 1849, nine years once they were invented in britain A rural service was implemented in 1830 having a mail delivery in rural areas every two days The delivery became daily from 1832
France had been a founding part of the overall Postal Union in 1874 It took over as the Universal Postal Union in 1879
Post and telegraphs were united in just one administration by the French government in 1879, giving birth to the P&T (“Postes et télégraphes”) which later became the PTT (“Postes, télégraphes et téléphones”) A French ministry of post and telegraphs was developed exactly the same year A national savings bank opened in 1881 and was included in the services provided by the P&T The federal government took a monopoly over telephone services in 1889 and placed this responsibility beneath the P&T The administration then became PTT and kept xdwjvh name until 1959 if it became “Postes et Télécommunications”, even though acronym PTT was kept
Postal cheques were created in 1918 The very first airmail flight operated in 1912 between Nancy and Lunéville and a regular airmail network was set up in 1935 with the “Air Bleu” company Night airmail services began in 1939 on two lines: Paris-Bordeaux-Pau and Paris-Lyon-Marseille Postcodes were introduced in France in 1964.